오늘 또 다른 문제유형을 가져왔지!
바로, 지칭추론이야.
이 문제는 말 그대로 이것이 지칭하는 것이 과연 무엇이냐?라고 묻는 문제야.
이 단어가 대체 무엇을 가리키고 있는지 확실히 알아야겠지?
그래서 이 문제를 푸는 핵심은 단 하나야.
대명사가 나오면 그것이 지칭하는 것을 적어가면서 푸는 것이지!
바로 문제를 풀어볼까?^_^
1. 밑줄 친 he[his]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
The dancers stood on a two-step elevated stage, so that there was a natural gap between those who came to dance and those who came to watch. The host randomly pulled the name of a well-known dancer, Linx, out of a hat. People cheered. According to the format, Linx had to “call out” another dancer to battle him on stage. Instead of deliberately choosing someone, however, ① he decided to select his opponent randomly by making himself into a human spin-wheel. He propelled himself into a backspin, covered ② his eyes, and extended his arm above his head. When his body finally stopped spinning, ③ his arm pointed away from the dancers on stage and directly at Dan Tres, standing among the spectators. The crowd erupted in “Ohhhhs!” because ④ he was an older family man who had not danced hip-hop in many years, while the much younger Linx was a nimble b-boy. Linx looked embarrassed, but nonetheless ⑤ he called out the respected elder to battle.
* nimble: 동작이 날렵한
정답은 4번이야!!
먼저 해석을 해보자!!!
The dancers / stood / on a two-step elevated / stage, / so that / there was / a natural gap / between those / who came / to dance and / those / who came / to watch.
->춤꾼들은 두 계단 위에 있는 무대에 서 있어서 춤을 추러 온 사람들과 보러 온 사람들 간에 자연스러운 간격이 있었다.
The host / randomly / pulled / the name / of a well-known dancer, / Linx, / out of a hat. People / cheered.
->진행자가 모자에서 무작위로 Linx라는 잘 알려진 춤꾼의 이름을 뽑았다. 사람들은 환호했다.
According to / the format, / Linx / had to /“call out” / another dancer / to battle him / on stage.
->구성 방식에 따라, Linx는 무대에서 대결할 또 다른 춤꾼을 ‘호명’해야 했다.
Instead of / deliberately choosing someone, / however, / he decided / to select / his opponent / randomly / by making / himself / into / a human spin-wheel.
->하지만 찬찬히 고르는 대신에 그는 자신을 인간회전판으로 만들어 자신의 상대를 무작위로 선택하기로 했다.
He propelled / himself / into / a backspin, / covered / his eyes, / and / extended / his arm / above his head.
->그는 백스핀(등을 바닥에 두고 빙글빙글 도는 춤 동작)으로 자신을 돌아가게 했고, 자신의 눈을 가렸고, 자신의 머리 위로 팔을 뻗었다.
When / his body / finally / stopped spinning, / his arm / pointed away / from the dancers / on stage and / directly / at Dan Tres, / standing / among the spectators.
->그의 몸이 마침내 도는 것을 멈췄을 때, 그의 팔은 무대 위의 춤꾼들을 벗어나, 관중 속에 서있는 Dan Tres를 똑바로 가리켰다.
The crowd / erupted / in “Ohhhhs!”/ because / he was / an older family man / who had not danced / hip-hop / in many years, / while / the much younger Linx / was / a nimble b-boy.
->사람들은‘오!’라는 (놀라움의) 소리를 터뜨렸는데, 왜냐하면 그가 여러 해 동안 힙합을 추지 않은 더 나이든 가정이 있는 남자인 반면, 훨씬 더 어린 Linx는 동작이 날렵한 비보이이기 때문이었다.
Linx / looked / embarrassed, / but nonetheless / he called out / the respected elder / to battle.
->Linx는 당황한 것처럼 보였지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 그는 대결하기 위해 그 존경받는 연장자를 호명했다.
[해석]
춤꾼들은 두 계단 위에 있는 무대에 서 있어서 춤을 추러 온 사람들과 보러 온 사람들 간에 자연스러운 간격이 있었다. 진행자가 모자에서 무작위로 Linx라는 잘 알려진 춤꾼의 이름을 뽑았다. 사람들은 환호했다. 구성 방식에 따라, Linx는 무대에서 대결할 또 다른 춤꾼을 ‘호명’해야 했다. 하지만 찬찬히 고르는 대신에 그는 자신을 인간회전판으로 만들어 자신의 상대를 무작위로 선택하기로 했다. 그는 백스핀(등을 바닥에 두고 빙글빙글 도는 춤 동작)으로 자신을 돌아가게 했고, 자신의 눈을 가렸고, 자신의 머리 위로 팔을 뻗었다. 그의 몸이 마침내 도는 것을 멈췄을 때, 그의 팔은 무대 위의 춤꾼들을 벗어나, 관중 속에 서있는 Dan Tres를 똑바로 가리켰다. 사람들은‘오!’라는 (놀라움의) 소리를 터뜨렸는데, 왜냐하면 그가 여러 해 동안 힙합을 추지 않은 더 나이든 가정이 있는 남자인 반면, 훨씬 더 어린 Linx는 동작이 날렵한 비보이이기 때문이었다. Linx는 당황한 것처럼 보였지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 그는 대결하기 위해 그 존경받는 연장자를 호명했다.
[어휘]
host 진행자 randomly 무작위로 deliberately 찬찬히, 신중하게 opponent 상대, 적수 extend 뻗다, 늘리다, 연장하다 spectator 관중 erupt 터뜨리다, 분출하다
The dancers stood on a two-step elevated stage, so that there was a natural gap between those who came to dance and those who came to watch. The host randomly pulled the name of a well-known dancer, Linx, out of a hat. People cheered. According to the format, Linx had to “call out” another dancer to battle him on stage. Instead of deliberately choosing someone, however, ① he decided to select his opponent randomly by making himself into a human spin-wheel. He propelled himself into a backspin, covered ② his eyes, and extended his arm above his head. When his body finally stopped spinning, ③ his arm pointed away from the dancers on stage and directly at Dan Tres, standing among the spectators. The crowd erupted in “Ohhhhs!” because ④ he was an older family man who had not danced hip-hop in many years, while the much younger Linx was a nimble b-boy. Linx looked embarrassed, but nonetheless ⑤ he called out the respected elder to battle.
Linx는 빨강, Dan Tres는 파랑으로 표시했어.
시험때는 색으로 표현하지 못하겠지? 그래서 너희는 문제를 풀 때 he와 같은 대명사가 나오면 잊어버리기 전에 Linx라면 L이라고 적어두고 Dan이라면 D를 작게 적어둬. 정말 이것만 하면 지칭추론은 완벽하게 풀 수 있어!
->The crowd erupted in “Ohhhhs!” because ④ he was an older family man who had not danced hip-hop in many years, while the much younger Linx was a nimble b-boy.
4번혼자 파랑색이니 정답은 4번~
2. 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
Nancy was struggling to see the positive when ① her teen daughter was experiencing a negative perspective on her life and abilities. In her desire to parent intentionally, ② she went into her daughter’s room and noted one positive accomplishment she had observed. “I know you’ve been having a hard time lately, and you aren’t feeling really good or positive about your life. But you did a great job cleaning up your room today, and ③ I know that must have been a big effort for you.” The next day, to Nancy’s surprise, the teen girl seemed somewhat cheerful. In passing, ④ she said, “Mom, thanks for saying the positive thing about me yesterday. I was feeling so down and couldn’t think of anything good about myself. After ⑤ you said that positive thing, it helped me see one good quality in myself, and I’ve been holding onto those words.”
정답은 4번이야!!
먼저 해석을 해보자!!!
Nancy / was struggling / to see / the positive / when / her teen daughter / was experiencing / a negative perspective / on / her life and abilities.
->Nancy는 그녀의 십 대 딸아이가 자신의 생활과 능력에 대한 부정적인 관점을 겪고 있을 때, 긍정적인 면을 찾아보려고 애쓰고 있었다.
In her desire / to parent / intentionally, / she went / into / her daughter’s room and / noted / one positive accomplishment / she / had observed.
->의도적으로 부모 역할을 제대로 하고자 하는 바람에서, 그녀는 딸의 방에 들어갔고 그녀가 목격했던 한 가지 긍정적인 성과물을 언급했다.
“I know / you’ve been having / a hard time / lately, / and you aren’t feeling / really good or / positive / about your life.
->“나는 네가 최근에 힘든 시간을 보내고 있고 네 생활에 대해 정말로 좋거나 긍정적으로 느끼지 않고 있다는 것을 알고 있단다.
But / you did / a great job / cleaning up / your room / today, / and / I know / that must have been / a big effort / for you.”
->그런데도 너는 오늘 네 방 청소를 훌륭하게 잘해냈고, 나는 그 일이 틀림없이 네게 큰 노력이 필요했을 거라는 것을 안다.”
The next day, / to Nancy’s surprise, / the teen girl / seemed / somewhat cheerful.
->다음 날, Nancy로서는 놀랍게도, 그 십 대 소녀는 다소 기분이 좋아보였다.
In passing, / she said, /“Mom, / thanks for saying / the positive thing / about me / yesterday.
->지나가는 말로 그녀는 “엄마, 어제 저에 관한 긍정적인 점을 말씀해 주셔서 감사해요.
I was feeling / so down and / couldn’t think of / anything good / about myself.
->저는 마음이 너무나 울적했고 저 자신에 대해 어떤 좋은 점도 생각할 수가 없었어요.
After / you said / that positive thing, / it helped / me / see / one good quality / in myself, / and I’ve been holding / onto / those words.”
->엄마가 그 긍정적인 점을 말씀하신 후, 그것은 제가 저 자신에게서 한 가지 좋은 자질을 보는 것을 도와주었고, 저는 그 말씀을 계속 붙들고(생각하고) 있어요.”라고 말했다.
[해석]
Nancy는 그녀의 십 대 딸아이가 자신의 생활과 능력에 대한 부정적인 관점을 겪고 있을 때, 긍정적인 면을 찾아보려고 애쓰고 있었다. 의도적으로 부모 역할을 제대로 하고자 하는 바람에서, 그녀는 딸의 방에 들어갔고 그녀가 목격했던 한 가지 긍정적인 성과물을 언급했다. “나는 네가 최근에 힘든 시간을 보내고 있고 네 생활에 대해 정말로 좋거나 긍정적으로 느끼지 않고 있다는 것을 알고 있단다. 그런데도 너는 오늘 네 방 청소를 훌륭하게 잘해냈고, 나는 그 일이 틀림없이 네게 큰 노력이 필요했을 거라는 것을 안다.” 다음 날, Nancy로서는 놀랍게도, 그 십 대 소녀는 다소 기분이 좋아보였다. 지나가는 말로 그녀는 “엄마, 어제 저에 관한 긍정적인 점을 말씀해 주셔서 감사해요. 저는 마음이 너무나 울적했고 저 자신에 대해 어떤 좋은 점도 생각할 수가 없었어요. 엄마가 그 긍정적인 점을 말씀하신 후, 그것은 제가 저 자신에게서 한 가지 좋은 자질을 보는 것을 도와주었고, 저는 그 말씀을 계속 붙들고(생각하고) 있어요.”라고 말했다.
[어휘]
penetrate 침투하다, 스며들다 / measure 측정하다 / discern 분간하다, 차이를 식별하다 / unmusical 음악에 소질이 없는, 음악성이 없는 / tone 음정, 음색 / illusion 착각, 환각 / optical 시각의 / stance 태도, 자세
Nancy was struggling to see the positive when ① her teen daughter was experiencing a negative perspective on her life and abilities. In her desire to parent intentionally, ② she went into her daughter’s room and noted one positive accomplishment she had observed. “I know you’ve been having a hard time lately, and you aren’t feeling really good or positive about your life. But you did a great job cleaning up your room today, and ③ I know that must have been a big effort for you.” The next day, to Nancy’s surprise, the teen girl seemed somewhat cheerful. In passing, ④ she said, “Mom, thanks for saying the positive thing about me yesterday. I was feeling so down and couldn’t think of anything good about myself. After ⑤ you said that positive thing, it helped me see one good quality in myself, and I’ve been holding onto those words.”
->In passing, ④ she said, “Mom, thanks for saying the positive thing about me yesterday.
4번을 제외한 모든 대명사는 Nancy를 지칭하고 있어. 4번은 Nancy의 딸이지.
she said, 하면서 엄마! 라고 이야기하고 있잖아. 딸일 수 밖에 없지^^
3. 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
A friend of mine was sitting in the Miami airport reading a magazine while she waited to catch a plane to New York. Her attention was distracted by a rough, noisy quarrel taking place at the ticket counter. “But I must get to New York today!” ① an angry lady hotly told the clerk. “I’m sorry, ma’am, but there are no more seats available,” came the reply. “But my eight-year-old daughter is on that plane. ② I can’t let her fly into New York City all by herself,” she cried. “Sorry, lady. The flight is full,” came the same answer. My friend had been watching and listening to the woman’s woeful story, and her heart was touched with compassion for ③ the distressed mother. She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if it meant the woman could use ④ her ticket to travel to New York with her daughter. The agent welcomed my friend’s solution and quickly issued a revalidated ticket to ⑤ the woman, and then arranged for another flight for my friend.
정답은 4번이야!!
먼저 해석을 해보자!!!
A friend / of mine / was sitting / in the Miami airport / reading / a magazine / while / she waited / to catch / a plane / to New York.
->내 친구 한 명은 그녀가 뉴욕으로 가는 비행기를 타기 위해 기다리는 동안 잡지책을 읽으면서 마이애미 공항에 앉아 있었다.
Her attention / was distracted / by a rough, noisy quarrel / taking place / at the ticket counter.
->그녀는 매표소에서 벌어지고 있는 거칠고 시끄러운 다툼에 의해 주의가 산만 해졌다.
“But / I must get / to New York / today!” / an angry lady / hotly / told / the clerk.
->“하지만 나는 오늘 뉴욕에 가야만 해요!”라고 한 성난 여자가 맹렬하게 직원에게 말했다.
“I’m sorry, ma’am, / but / there are / no more seats / available,”/ came / the reply.
->“미안합니다만, 부인, 더 이상 이용 가능한 좌석이 없습니다,”라는 답변이 돌아왔다.
“But / my eight-year-old daughter / is / on that / plane.
->그녀는 “그렇지만 제 여덟 살 딸아이가 그 비행기에 있어요.
I can’t let / her / fly / into New York City / all / by herself,” / she cried.
->저는 그녀 홀로 뉴욕시에 날아가도록 내버려 둘 수는 없어요.”라고 외쳤다.
“Sorry, lady. The flight / is full,” / came / the same answer.
->“죄송합니다, 부인. 비행기 좌석이 다 찼습니다.”라는 같은 답변이 돌아왔다.
My friend / had been watching / and listening / to the woman’s woeful story, / and her heart / was touched / with compassion / for the distressed mother.
->내 친구는 그녀의 가련한 이야기를 보고 듣고 있었기에, 그녀는 그 괴로워하는 엄마에 대한 동정하는 마음이 생겼다.
She walked / over / to the ticket agent and / offered / to take / a later flight, / if it meant / the woman / could use / her ticket / to travel / to New York / with her daughter.
->그녀는 매표소 직원에게 가서, 자기가 나중에 비행기를 타는 것이 그 여자가 그녀의 딸과 함께 뉴욕으로 가기 위해 자신의 표를 사용할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다면, 그렇게 하겠다고 제의했다.
The agent / welcomed / my friend’s solution and / quickly / issued / a revalidated ticket / to the woman, / and then / arranged / for another flight / for my friend.
->직원은 내 친구의 해결책을 기꺼이 받아들여 서둘러 갱신된 (비행기) 표를 그 여자에게 발급해 주었고, 그리고는 내 친구를 위해 다른 비행기 편을 마련해 주었다.
[해석]
내 친구 한 명은 그녀가 뉴욕으로 가는 비행기를 타기 위해 기다리는 동안 잡지책을 읽으면서 마이애미 공항에 앉아 있었다. 그녀는 매표소에서 벌어지고 있는 거칠고 시끄러운 다툼에 의해 주의가 산만 해졌다. “하지만 나는 오늘 뉴욕에 가야만 해요!”라고 한 성난 여자가 맹렬하게 직원에게 말했다. “미안합니다만, 부인, 더 이상 이용 가능한 좌석이 없습니다,”라는 답변이 돌아왔다. 그녀는 “그렇지만 제 여덟 살 딸아이가 그 비행기에 있어요. 저는 그녀 홀로 뉴욕시에 날아가도록 내버려 둘 수는 없어요.”라고 외쳤다. “죄송합니다, 부인. 비행기 좌석이 다 찼습니다.”라는 같은 답변이 돌아왔다. 내 친구는 그녀의 가련한 이야기를 보고 듣고 있었기에, 그녀는 그 괴로워하는 엄마에 대한 동정하는 마음이 생겼다. 그녀는 매표소 직원에게 가서, 자기가 나중에 비행기를 타는 것이 그 여자가 그녀의 딸과 함께 뉴욕으로 가기 위해 자신의 표를 사용할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다면, 그렇게 하겠다고 제의했다. 직원은 내 친구의 해결책을 기꺼이 받아들여 서둘러 갱신된 (비행기) 표를 그 여자에게 발급해 주었고, 그리고는 내 친구를 위해 다른 비행기 편을 마련해 주었다.
[어휘]
distract (정신이) 집중이 안 되게 하다, (주의를) 딴 데로 돌리다 / hotly 맹렬히, 뜨겁게 / woeful 가련한, 몹시 슬픈 / compassion 동정심, 연민 / distressed 괴로워하는 / revalidate (증명 등을) 갱신하다, 재허가하다, 재확인하다 / arrange 마련하다
A friend of mine was sitting in the Miami airport reading a magazine while she waited to catch a plane to New York. Her attention was distracted by a rough, noisy quarrel taking place at the ticket counter. “But I must get to New York today!” ① an angry lady hotly told the clerk. “I’m sorry, ma’am, but there are no more seats available,” came the reply. “But my eight-year-old daughter is on that plane. ② I can’t let her fly into New York City all by herself,” she cried. “Sorry, lady. The flight is full,” came the same answer. My friend had been watching and listening to the woman’s woeful story, and her heart was touched with compassion for ③ the distressed mother. She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if it meant the woman could use ④ her ticket to travel to New York with her daughter. The agent welcomed my friend’s solution and quickly issued a revalidated ticket to ⑤ the woman, and then arranged for another flight for my friend.
->She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if it meant the woman could use ④ her ticket to travel to New York with her daughter.
4번을 제외한 모든 대명사는 매표소에서 실랑이를 벌이던 성난여자를 지칭해.
4번은 글쓴이의 친구이고!
친구가 성난 여성분에게 자신의 티켓을 준다고 하는 부분이야. 정말 마음씨가 고운 것 같아^_^
해석 연습
1. The dancers stood on a two-step elevated stage, so that there was a natural gap between those who came to dance and those who came to watch.
2. The host randomly pulled the name of a well-known dancer, Linx, out of a hat. People cheered.
3. According to the format, Linx had to “call out” another dancer to battle him on stage.
4. Instead of deliberately choosing someone, however, he decided to select his opponent randomly by making himself into a human spin-wheel.
5. He propelled himself into a backspin, covered his eyes, and extended his arm above his head.
6. When his body finally stopped spinning, his arm pointed away from the dancers on stage and directly at Dan Tres, standing among the spectators.
7. The crowd erupted in “Ohhhhs!” because he was an older family man who had not danced hip-hop in many years, while the much younger Linx was a nimble b-boy.
8. Linx looked embarrassed, but nonetheless he called out the respected elder to battle.
9. Nancy was struggling to see the positive when her teen daughter was experiencing a negative perspective on her life and abilities.
10. In her desire to parent intentionally, she went into her daughter’s room and noted one positive accomplishment she had observed.
11. “I know you’ve been having a hard time lately, and you aren’t feeling really good or positive about your life.
12. But you did a great job cleaning up your room today, and I know that must have been a big effort for you.”
13. The next day, to Nancy’s surprise, the teen girl seemed somewhat cheerful.
14. In passing, she said, “Mom, thanks for saying the positive thing about me yesterday.
15. I was feeling so down and couldn’t think of anything good about myself.
16. After you said that positive thing, it helped me see one good quality in myself, and I’ve been holding onto those words.”
17. A friend of mine was sitting in the Miami airport reading a magazine while she waited to catch a plane to New York.
18. Her attention was distracted by a rough, noisy quarrel taking place at the ticket counter.
19. “But I must get to New York today!” an angry lady hotly told the clerk.
20. “I’m sorry, ma’am, but there are no more seats available,” came the reply.
21. “But my eight-year-old daughter is on that plane.
22. I can’t let her fly into New York City all by herself,” she cried. “Sorry, lady.
23. The flight is full,” came the same answer.
24. My friend had been watching and listening to the woman’s woeful story, and her heart was touched with compassion for the distressed mother.
25. She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if it meant the woman could use her ticket to travel to New York with her daughter.
26. The agent welcomed my friend’s solution and quickly issued a revalidated ticket to the woman, and then arranged for another flight for my friend.